Various types of internals have traditionally been used to improve fluidization quality. Some recent studies have shown that under some conditions there can be severe gas mal-distribution of gas in deep fluidized beds of Geldart group A materials.
Non-mechanical valves, especially the L-valves, have been used extensively in fluidized beds and circulating fluidized beds for solids recycling or to serve as a pressure seal. This paper presents a set of L-valve equations which relate the solids flow rate to the L-valve design, aeration rate, and pressure drop across the L-valve.
This paper reports the first quantitative comparison of magnetic resonance (MR) and electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) on a 50 mm diameter gas-fluidized bed of silica−alumina catalyst support particles.
Snider, O’Rourke, and Zhao present a unified model for collisional exchange of mass, momentum, and energy between particles in gas/liquid/solid fluidized beds.
Commercial circulating fluidized bed (CFB) units require efficient operation of the riser and the solids return leg. The objective of this work was to study how horizontal baffles can be used to reduce or eliminate gas bypassing in deep beds.
Three cases are presented on the entrainment of various materials from fluidized beds in which agglomerated clumps of particles affected the measured entrainment rates. Evidence suggests that fine particles in many materials may be clumping together – resulting in a reduced entrainment rate.
Gas streaming is the severe bypassing of gas that can occur in deep, bubbling fluidized beds. Gas bypassing consists of a large jet that precesses around the walls of the fluidized bed. Details of possible mechanisms and possible techniques for detecting gas-bypassing are presented in this report.
The development of the multi-phase flow algorithm MIPSA (Multi-InterPhase Slip-Algorithm) within a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code called CASCADE is summarized with its application to the modeling of lean phase circulating fluidized beds
In this publication, typical commercial stripper operating problems are pointed out, and methods to diagnose the problems are identified.
This paper documents the development of electrical capacitance volume tomography.