This paper documents how the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach can be used to simulate simultaneous evaporation and cracking reactions occurring in FCC riser reactors.
The scale-up of fluidized beds is not an exact science. Deep fluidized beds of Group A materials can cause significant gas bypassing leading to poor gas-solids contacting.
The simulation results in this paper support the idea that the average drag coefficient is an important factor for the two-fluid model and suggest that the EMMS approach could be used as a kind of multiscale closure law for drag coefficient in areas where the Wen Yu-Ergun hybrid is insufficient.
This paper by researchers at Arena-Flow LLC and Sandia National Labs demonstrate early successes in the Eulerian-Lagrangian, MP-PIC method used by Barracuda Virtual Reactor in modeling three-dimensional flow in a gas-solid riser.
This paper demonstrates a way to validate the hydrodynamics of a system with image analysis techniques.
A 3-dimensional image reconstruction technique based on neural network multi-criterion optimization (NN-MOIRT) for electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is developed for the first time.
This paper summarizes the effects airborne particles can have on erosion.
This paper uses digital image analysis of two-dimensional fluidized beds to establish a relationship between gas velocity and both bubble shape factor distribution and bubble aspect ratio distribution.
Examples showing the application of ‘Labasys® instruments’ in R&D and production monitoring are provided for illustration in this article.
This paper reviews existing image reconstruction algorithms for ECT, including linear back-projection, singular value decomposition, Tikhonov regularization, Newton–Raphson, iterative Tikhonov, the steepest descent method, Landweber iteration, the conjugate gradient method, algebraic reconstruction techniques, simultaneous iterative reconstruction techniques and model-based reconstruction.